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29 September 2025
Across the deserts, grasslands, and pine forests of Arizona and New Mexico, native predators once prowled: jaguars, wolves, and even grizzly bears once claimed Arizona as their home. Today, most of these species are gone, victims of hunting, habitat loss, and human expansion. But what if human intervention could remedy this?
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Conservationists have long debated reintroducing jaguars into their historic range. Unlike some extinct or extirpated species, jaguars have garnered public fascination and broad support, making their comeback more politically and socially viable. Reintroducing jaguars wouldn’t just be a symbolic victory; it could help restore complex ecological interactions among predators and prey, rekindling dynamics that have been dormant since the Pleistocene.
The discussion doesn’t end with jaguars. Wolves, mountain lions, and even wild horses have roles to play. While feral horses aren’t perfect proxies for their Pleistocene ancestors, they serve as prey for apex predators like cougars, which already maintain a surprisingly effective balance in parts of Nevada. Predators like jaguars and wolves could similarly influence herbivore populations, helping ecosystems stabilize naturally without human intervention.
Reintroducing grizzlies faces steeper challenges. The Mexican grizzly, a subspecies once adapted to desert life, is extinct. Modern grizzlies are less desert-hardy, and ranchers and hunters would likely resist their return fiercely, just as they have with Mexican wolves. Public safety concerns also weigh heavily, given the grizzly’s reputation for aggression. Jaguars, wolves, and mountain lions, by contrast, tend to avoid humans, making them less controversial candidates for rewilding.
Some enthusiasts have even floated wilder ideas, introducing exotic species like Tulu camels (a hybrid of Bactrian and dromedary) or South American guanacos to fill the ecological roles of extinct herbivores. While these proposals spark debate, they illustrate the creative and sometimes controversial approaches that conservationists consider when trying to restore lost environmental balance.
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Rewilding the Southwest is not just about nostalgia for a wilder past. It’s about restoring ecosystems, promoting biodiversity, and allowing natural processes to flourish once more. The idea may seem audacious, but reintroducing even a handful of these lost species could awaken a Southwest ecosystem that hasn’t truly breathed in thousands of years.
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